5 sources of propylene

There are four main propane dehydrogenation processes, and industrial production of propylene comes from five main pathways: propylene by-product from naphtha steam cracking, propylene by-product from refinery catalytic cracking units, propane dehydrogenation to propylene (PDH), propylene from coal (methanol) (MTP), and olefin disproportionation from ethylene and butene.

Cationic fluorocarbon surfactant LTS J
In cationic fluorocarbon surfactants, the hydrophilic part is composed of quaternary ammonium salts, protonated amino groups or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. After the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant is dissolved in water, the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant has a positive charge and forms an ion pair with the anion in the solution, which is the same as the anionic fluorocarbon surfactant. The surface daikin ptfe fine powder activity of the cationic fluorocarbon surfactant It is related to the dielectric and pII in the medium:

Zwitterionic fluorocarbon surfactant
The molecule of zwitterionic fluorocarbon surfactant has a bifunctional structure. Depending on the pH of the medium, it can either act as a cationic surface and an active agent, or as an anionic surfactant. Carbon surfactants contain at least one anionic group and one cationic group. In general, zwitterionic fluorocarbon surfactants act as anionic surfactants in alkaline media, and act as cationic surfactants in acidic media. Zwitterionic fluorocarbon surfactants are compatible with other types of surfactants. It can be adsorbed on positively charged surfaces or on negatively charged surfaces. It is widely used in fire agents, foam stabilizers, humidifiers, solid surface dispersants, emulsifiers for the manufacture of fluoroplastics, surface treatment of fabrics and paper, metal surface treatment, bathing and shampooing products:

The non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant does not dissociate in the aqueous solution, so the ion type and pH value of the medium have little influence on its surface properties. Non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactants can be dissolved in acidic media or alkaline media. At the same time, it is also compatible with ionic and zwitterionic surfactants. Since it has no charge, its adsorption capacity on the solid surface is not very strong. The hydrophilic end of the nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant usually contains a polyethylene glycol group.